By Mengyao Han April 27, 2017
水资源在全球贸易中扮演着重要角色。作为世界上水资源消耗最多的国家，中国有50%的用水量是与进出口商品相关的。由于不同生产单元之间的分工日益细化，中国大陆主要进口中间产品进行进一步加工，然后再将最终产品出口到其他国家和地区。总体而言，中国大陆不仅在最终消费品贸易中是净水资源供应方，而在中间产品生产方面也是如此。中国的人均用水量远远低于全球平均水平，但中国仍通过贸易活动输出了大量的水资源。巴基斯坦、缅甸和印度是中国最大的水资源供应国，而香港、美国和日本则是中国的最大水资源接收国。在中国，主要的水资源输出行业分别是电气机械制造业（第9类产业）以及纺织服装业（第5类产业）。而最大的水资源进口行业则是农业（第1类产业），其进口水源主要来自缅甸、巴基斯坦、美国和朝鲜。通过对中国全球水资源流动情况的分析，可以制定出提高水资源利用效率的政策措施。此外，这些数据还有助于制定全球水资源分配方案，从而更有效地管理全球水资源，尤其是从生产和消费的角度来加以规划。
Water resources are embodied in global trade. Since China is the largest water withdrawal economy in the world, 50% of its direct water withdrawal transfers with Chinese imports and exports. Due to an increasing division of activities between different production units, economies such as Mainland China mainly import intermediate products for further processing and then export final goods to other economies. Overall, Mainland China is a net embodied water supplier not only in final consumption-based trade relations but also in intermediate production-based ones. China’s total per capita water use is much lower than the global average, but yet China exports embodied water through trade activities. Pakistan, Myanmar and India are China’s largest embodied water suppliers, and Hong Kong, the United States and Japan as its largest net recipients. The main water exporting sectors in Mainland China are Electrical and Machinery (Sector 9) and Textiles and Wearing Apparel (Sector 5) respectively, and the main importing sector is Agriculture (Sector 1) with imports coming mainly from Myanmar, Pakistan, the United States and North Korea. This analysis of China’s global embodied water transfers can inform policies to increase China’s water use efficiency and can be generated to build embodied water budgets for a systematic allocation of water resources on the globe especially from the production- and consumption-based perspectives.
详情请参阅以下信息/链接：
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.024
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雅各布·A·巴乔、肖娜·B·伯恩西尔弗、亚历克斯·阿雷纳斯、詹姆斯·S·马格丹兹、加里·P·科菲纳斯以及曼利奥·德·多梅尼科等人通过多重社会生态网络分析发现：与资源枯竭相比，社会变革对社区稳定性的影响更为显著。该研究发表于《美国国家科学院院刊》2016年刊上，论文在线发布时间为2016年11月16日，doi编号为：10.1073/pnas.1604401113。
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